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The rise of Macedon, from a small kingdom at the periphery of classical Greek affairs to one which came to dominate the entire Hellenic world (and beyond),〔; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .〕 occurred in the space of just 25 years, between 359 and 336 BC. This ascendancy is largely attributable to the personality and policies of Philip II (r. 359–336 BC). ==Sources== Intact and relatively detailed histories of Greece cover the period ca. 500–362 BC, in the form of Herodotus's ''The Histories'', Thucydides's ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', and Xenophon's ''Hellenica''. However, no extant history specifically covers the relevant period of Greek history (359-336 BC). The main source for the period is Diodorus Siculus's ''Bibliotheca historica'', written in the 1st century BC, which is therefore a secondary source.〔.〕 Diodorus devotes Book XVI to the period of Philip's reign, but the action is much compressed, and due to the scope of the work, this book also contains details of happenings during the same period elsewhere in the ancient world. Diodorus is often derided by modern historians for his style and inaccuracies, but he preserves many details of the ancient period found nowhere else.〔; .〕 Diodorus worked primarily by epitomizing the works of other historians, omitting many details where they did not suit his purpose, which was to illustrate moral lessons from history; his account of the period therefore contains many gaps.〔.〕 Another surviving work for the period is Justin's epitome of Pompeius Trogus's ''Philippic History''. Justin's epitomised history is also much condensed from the original and covers not only Philip's reign, but also the history of Macedon before him, as well as the exploits of Philip's son, Alexander the Great. Justin is generally very negative towards Philip. These surviving histories are complemented by fragments of other histories, including Theopompus's 58-volume history of Philip (which was the source for much of Trogus's ''Philippic History'') and by contemporary epigraphic sources. Outside the brief notices of Philip's exploits which occur in Diodorus and Justin, further details of his campaigns (and indeed the period in general) can be found in the orations of Athenian statesmen, primarily Demosthenes and Aeschines, which have survived intact.〔 Since these speeches were never intended to be historical material, they must be treated with great circumspection, particularly given the identity of the authors. Demosthenes and Aeschines have been described as "a couple of liars, neither of whom can be trusted to have told the truth in any matter in which it was remotely in his interest to lie".〔.〕 For instance, the Peace of Philocrates (made in 346 BC) is known primarily from their speeches (both called ''On the False Embassy''), made in 343 BC, when Demosthenes prosecuted Aeschines for his involvement in making the peace treaty.〔*>.〕 In his speech, Aeschines poses as the champion of the peace treaty, when he had in fact opposed making peace; conversely, Demosthenes, who had been a proponent of peace in 346 BC represents himself as part of the "war-party". The arguments made in the speeches therefore refer to the political situation in 343 BC and not the situation when the treaty was made, which makes teasing out the actual historical threads rather difficult.〔*/> 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rise of Macedon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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